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Eye Figures Chapter 1 Figure 1.1 A Simplified Man-made Image System Figure 1.2Typical Eye for a Biological Vision System Figure 1.3 A Typical Man-made Vision System Figure 1.4a-b Spectral Coverage of Human Eyes Figure 1.5a-c Iris Design Variations for Camera Eye Figure 1.6 Iris Regulating Light - Different Apertures. Figure 1.7a-b Retina Layers Figure 1.8  Stereo Vision curvature at sev distances Figure 1.9 Tiger's Eye - Light Reflected To Source Chapter 2 Figure 2.1 Camera Type Optical Design variations Figure 2.2a-b Example of Camera Eye  Figure 2.3 Cross Section of Human Retina Figure 2.4 Rod and Cone Details Figure 2.5 Pinhole Optical Design Figure 2.6 Pinhole Eye of Nautilus Figure 2.7 Concave Mirror Optical Design. Figure 2.8 Concave Mirror Design in Scallop Eyes Figure 2.9 Apposition Compound Eye Design Figure 2.10 Example of Apposition Compound Eyes Figure 2.11 Neural Superposition Eye Figure 2.12a-b Apposition Neural-Superposition Figure 2.13 Refraction Superposition eye design Figure 2.14 Refracted Superposition Moth Eye Figure 2.15 Detail of Moth Eye Facets  Figure 2.16 Reflective Superposition Optical Design Figure 2.17 Reflective-Superposition Eyes of a Crayfish Figure 2.18 Parabolic Superposition Optical Design Figure 2.19 Parabolic Superposition Eyes - Hermit Crab Figure 2.20 Parabolic Superposition Eyes - Mayfly Chapter 3 Figure 3.1 Branching filaments of fungus on skin Figure 3.2 Grass and Vine Figure 3.3 Flowers Figure 3.5 Scallop Eyes Figure 3.6 Nautilus Eye Figure 3.7 Shrimp Eyes. Figure 3.8a Hermit Crab Eyes. Figure 3.8b Crab Eyes. Figure 3.9a-b Octopus Eyes. Figure 3.10a Typical Spider Eyes. Figure 3.10b Jumping Spider Eyes. Figure 3.10c Casting Spider Eyes. Figure 3.10d Spider Eyes. Figure 3.11 Scorpion Figure 3.12b-f Brittle Star Figure 3.13 Bee Eyes Figure 3.14 Dragonfly Eyes Figure Figure 3.15 Damselfly Eyes. Figure 3.16a-c Butterfly Eyes. Figure 3.17a Fly Eye Example Figure 3.17b-i Fly Eyes Figure 3.18 Ant Eyes Figure 3.19a,c Ant Eye detail Figure 3.19b Black Ant Eyes Figure 3.20 Moth eye Detail Figure 3.21 Moth Eye  Figure 3.22 Moth's Eye showing Anti-reflective Surface Figure 3.23a-b Beetle Eyes Figure 3.23c Wasp Eyes Figure 3.24 Cross Section of a Typical Shark Eye Figure 3.25 Horn Shark Eye Figure 3.26 Blue Shark Eye Figure 3.27 Flounder Eyes. Figure 3.27a Flounder Eyes in sand Figure 3.28 "Four-eyed Fish Eyes." Figure 3.29 Red Frog Eyes. Figure 3.30 Common Frog Eyes Figure 3.31 Salamander Eyes. Figure 3.32 Boa Constrictor Eyes and IR vision systems Figure 3.33 Rattlesnake Eyes and IR vision systems Figure 3.34 Lizard Eyes Figure 3.35 Gecko Lizard Eyes Figure 3.36 Turtle Eyes. Figure 3.37 Alligator Eyes. Figure 3.38 Eagle Eyes. Figure 3.39 Hummingbird Eyes. Figure 3.40a-b Owl Eyes Figure 3.41 Optical Cross section of Owl Eyes Figure 3.42 Ostrich Eyes Figure 3.43 Cormorant Eyes. Figure 3.43f Falcon Eyes. Figure 3.44a-b Human Eye as Typical Mammal Eye Figure 3.45 Section of Whale Eyes. Figure 3.46a-b Picture of Whale Eyes Figure 3.47 Elephant Eye Figure 3.48 Cat Eye Diagram Figure 3.49. Lion & Tiger Eyes Figure 3.50 Larger Monkey Eyes relative to body Figure 3.51 Smaller Monkey Eyes relative to body Figure 3.52 Mouse Eyes. Figure 3.53 Bat Eyes. Figure 3.54 Tarsier Eyes-with large iris opening Figure 3.55 Tarsier Eyes-with small iris opening Figure 3.56a-b Levels of Sensor Cells in the Retina Figure 3.57a-c Human Eye Diagram Figure 3.58a-b Human Iris Mechanism Figure 3.59a-c Human Retina diagram Figure 3.60a-b Human Retina diagram - rods and cones Figure 3.61a-b Human Retina

Eye Figures Chapter 4 Figure 4.1 Biological Vision Design Diagram Figure 4.2 Possible Optical Vision Design Alternatives Figure 4.3 Cell Architecture for vision system  Figure 4.4 Structural size of cells Figure 4.5 Functions Needed for Vision to Take Place Figure 4.6 Eye Model In focus for high resolution Figure 4.7 Spots for small star images - center focus Figure 4.8 Spot for small star images  - lens 2 mm error Figure 4.9 Eye out of focus to illustrate a 2 mm error Figure 4.10 Vision Systems for Intelligent Machines Figure 4.11 Cells (100 microns field of view) of skin Figure 4.12 White blood cell (10 microns field of view) Figure 4.13 Inside cell (1 micron field) Figure 4.14 Inside cell nucleus (0.1 micron field) -DNA Figure 4.15 Cell nucleus (0.01 micron field) - DNA Figure 4.16 Cell nucleus (0.001 micron field) - DNA Chapter 5 Figure 5.1 Historic Optics  Figure 5.2 Historic Optics Figure 5.3 Historic Optics-Early microscope Figure 5.4 Modern Optics-Microscope Design Figure 5.5 Modern Confocal Laser Scan Microscope Figure 5. 6 Modern - 1m Mirror telescope Figure 5.7 Stable Platform for Optical Systems Figure 5.8 Typical Camera Lens Optical Design Figure 5.9 Typical Meniscus Camera Lens Design Figure 5.10 Typical Telephoto Camera Lens Design Figure 5.11 Hubble telescope Optical Diagram Figure 5.12 Information concentration center of eye Figure 5.13. Neural Robotic Vision System Diagram Figure 5.14 Camera Electronic Interface for Vision Figure 5.15 Robotic Insects (NASA) Figure 5.16 Insect Robot - controls attached to insect Figure 5.17 Insect Robot - controls attached to insect Figure 5.18 Diagram of Borescope (Olympus) Figure 5.19 Endoscope Diagram Figure 5.20 Atomic Force Microscope - optical coating Figure 5.21 Wasp Parasite - Electronbeam Microscope Figure 5.22. Vision Systems beyond optical function Figure 5.23 Artificial retina inserted as part of retina Figure 5.24 Toward an artificial eye Figure 5.25 Implanted Array in the retina and Camera Figure 5.26a-f Visual Stimuli along the visual pathway Figure 5.27 Cell Replacement Concept Figure 5.28 Network structures - applications to vision Chapter 6 Figure 6.1a-b Camera lens eye diagram of Human Eye Figure 6.2 Pinhole Eye Diagram Figure 6.3 Concave Mirror Eye Diagram Figure 6.4 Apposition eye Facet - Index of Refraction Figure 6.5 Neural Superposition Eye Diagram Figure 6.6 Refraction Superposition Eye Design Figure 6.7 Reflection Superposition Eye Design Figure 6.8 Parabolic Superposition Compound Design Figure 6.9 Diverse group of Eyes Figure 6.10 Trilobite Eyes Figure 6.11 Digital Camera on a Chip Figure 6.12 Electronic boards - small sensor chips Figure 6.13 Part of a Frog brain (R) and eye (L) Figures 6.14a-b Variety of Eye Mountings Figure 6.15 Iris Health Diagram Model for Right eye Figure 6.16 Iris Health Diagram Model for Left eye Figure 6.17 Moth's eye surface (shown at over 2000X) Figure 6.17b Brittlestar Optical Design Figure 6.18 Optical Processing in Insect Vision.  Figure 6.19 Eyes of a parasite that lives inside a wasp Figure 6.20 Detail of Parasite eyes - inside a wasp Figure 6.21 3D Gradient variation - index of refraction Figure 6.22 Rays from a 3D Gradient index variation Related Links Click to Send E-Mail to  Curt Deckert - curt@cdeckert.com Click to Visit Curt's Site -  http://www.cdeckert.com